| Historical Information |
|---|
| This post is about a previous Session of Parliament. Any legislation here that did not receive Royal Assent has been terminated. |
And we’re back! I hope everyone had a good holiday season! I know this stuff isn’t technically “new” but we’re going to cover it anyway. This week we’re catching up on what we missed at the end of November, next week we’ll cover December.
Matters of Privilege
Failure to produce documents
Subamendment – Tom Kmiec (Conservative, Alberta, Calgary Shepard)
So first up we had some movement on one of the many amendments to have the question of if the Liberals are in contempt of the House. As a reminder the original motion was to send the issue of what documents the Liberals gave to the RCMP to committee for investigation. The first amendment to that motion added some specifics on who needed to testify to the committee, and Tom’s was to change the deadline for the committee’s report from November 22nd to 30 days after the issue is sent to them. (Yes we’re already in December here, no I don’t know why they thought putting a specific date on the motion was a good idea.)
This subamendment was passed with everyone voting in favour of it.
Subamendment – Pat Kelly (Conservative, Alberta, Calgary Rocky Ridge)
Of course as expected one vote is held and a new one is required. Pat moved for another subamendment that would remove the 30 day deadline if the Speaker is given a note stating that all government institutions complied with the original order from June, accompanied with unredacted copies of all of those documents.
Points of Order
Unparliamentary Language
There were three MPs kicked out of the House for a day for making inappropriate statements and refusing to withdraw them, all three in the same day.
First is Michelle Rempel Garner (Conservative, Alberta, Calgary Nose Hill). Michelle chose to quote an article about Randy Boissonnault (Liberal, Alberta, Edmonton Centre), who had made a number of questionable claims about Indigenous heritage. Michelle quoted a news article that called Randy a fraud, which isn’t allowed. The argument had been made that it was a quote and as such not her speaking, but it was decided that if you can’t do it directly you can’t do it indirectly and she was asked repeatedly to withdraw her statement. She was kicked out after refusing to do so.
Next we have Michael Barrett (Conservative, Ontario, Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes). It apparently didn’t get caught by the debate records, but Michael admits to calling Randy “Cocaine Randy”, though he argues he was talking about someone else. He also refused to withdraw the statement and was kicked out for the day.
Finally, we have Rick Perkins (Conservative, Nova Scotia, South Shore—St. Margarets). Rick called Steven Guilbeault (Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Quebec, Laurier—Sainte-Marie) corrupt. That’s very much against the rules, and when asked to withdraw the statement he said “I am sorry, he is not corrupt, he stuffed his pockets” which is decidedly not a withdrawn statement. He was also kicked out for the remainder of the day.
Committee Reports
Barriers to Economic Development in Indigenous Communities
Standing Committee on Indigenous and Northern Affairs (INAN) – Report #2
INAN has been studying barriers stopping Indigenous communities from fully participating in the Canadian economy. In their second report, submitted in April 2022, they made the following recommendations:
- Ensure that Indigenous communities are consulted on the action plan to achieve the objectives in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act.
- That the government review and consider different options to finance home mortgages, such as an Indigenous Housing Fund or long-term loan guarantees.
- That the government work with the First Nations Finance Authority, the First Nations Tax Commission, and the First Nations Financial Management Board to test monetization through a pilot project on replacing diesel generation in remote communities.
- That the government, with consultation from National Indigenous Economic Organizations, create a position to help Indigenous entrepreneurs find programs related to their business.
- That the government recognize the impact of administrative burdens on economic development programs for Indigenous people, and that it increase resources to ensure Indigenous people don’t miss out on economic development opportunities caused by delays and long wait times.
- That the government clarify the exceptions for Indigenous beneficiaries under the Jobs and Growth Fund.
- That the government consider options for improving access to capital for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities. The report specifically calls out Quebec’s Indigenous Initiatives Fund III as being an example to copy for this.
- That the government improve and refine its requirement that at least 5% of the value of federal contracts are awarded to Indigenous businesses.
- That the government create a registry of Indigenous businesses to be given to federal departments to make it easier to find potential suppliers for federal contracts.
- That the government work with the National Indigenous Economic Development Board, as well as other education organizations that work with Indigenous communities to support literacy, the look into the possibility of establishing a National Indigenous Education Institution.
- That the government implement the national Indigenous economic strategy that will be put forward by the National Indigenous Economic Development Board.
- That the government, with help from First Nations partners, create amendments to the First Nations Fiscal Management Act to create a legislative basis for a First Nations Infrastructure Institute.
- That the government increase the resources available to the First Nations Finance Authority, the First Nations Tax Commission, and the First Nations Financial Management Board to:
- Support the work of the First Nations Finance Authority that grants loans
- Increase the upper limit of loans they can grant to help with business projects that have a higher up-front cost
- Work towards full recognition of the First Nations Fiscal Management Act by credit unions and banks
- That the government look into expanding First Nations fiscal powers, including when it comes to taxes
- That the government allow the First Nations Finance Authority to provide its services to tribal councils, self-governing Indigenous governments, and economic development corporations and provide it with the resources to do so.
- That the government work with First Nations to eliminate barriers to economic development caused by the Indian Act.
- That the government work with First Nations partners, including the First Nations Lands Advisory Board, to amend the First Nations Land Management Act to remove any confusion on how it should be interpreted. The government should also report to INAN on progress that’s been made.
- That the government establish a Federal Advisor on the Enforcement of First Nations Laws and By-Laws, and properly fund and empower the position to work with all relevant federal departments and agencies.
- That the government continue the work announced in Budget 2021 to redesign the Additions to Reserve policy with the goal of speeding up and improving community access to land and resources.
- That the government ensure Indigenous communities are not penalized by their location when postal rates are being set, and that postal rates are fair and do not undermine economic development in all communities.
- That the government increase ways to support Indigenous people that want to take advantage of opportunities in natural resource extraction.
- That the government take into account the impact of remoteness on the level of funding provided when creating economic development programs for Indigenous people.
- That the government change funding formulas to include local salaries to address community economic leakage.
- That the government make sure infrastructure funding reflects the needs of northern and remote Indigenous communities, as well as how important critical infrastructure is for creating economic development opportunities.
- That the government work with Métis leaders to ensure the Métis have access to similar economic development programs as those provided for First Nations and Inuit.
- That the government re-establish the Métis Economic Development Strategy, that it provides for the distinct challenges the eight Métis settlements in Alberta face, and that it be given sufficient funding.
Return to Committee – Garnett Genuis (Conservative, Alberta, Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan)
Garnett does not want the report to be accepted, and instead wants to send it back to INAN with instructions to investigate the economic and anti-reconciliatory barriers posed by fraudulent bids and applications for procurement opportunities intended for Indigenous businesses. As part of this investigation he wants the following people to show up for at least two hours each:
- The Minister of Employment, Workforce Development, and Official Languages
- The Minister of Indigenous Services
- The Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations
- The Minister of Public Services and Procurement and Quebec Lieutenant
- Arianne Reza, Deputy Minister of Public Services and Procurement
- Catherine Poulin, Assistant Deputy Minister, Departmental Oversight Branch, Department of Public Works and Government Services
He also wants Felix Papineau and Shawna Parker, people associated with Global Health Imports, to appear for at least one hour each. The committee would need to report back to the House by January 31, 2025.
Subamendment – Dane Lloyd (Conservative, Alberta, Sturgeon River—Parkland)
Dane proposed a subamendment to this that would make it INAN’s top priority.
INAN Report #2 – Votes
Dane’s subamendment then went up for a vote and passed, 173 in favour and 146 opposed.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 0 | 144 | 0 |
| Conservative | 113 | 0 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 33 | 0 | 0 |
| NDP | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| Green | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Independent | 2 | 2 | 0 |
The amendment then passed with similar vote splits, as did the final move to send the report back to INAN.
Eliminating Forced Labour from Canadian Supply Chains
Standing Committee on International Trade (CIIT) – Report #21
CIIT has been looking into removing forced labour from Canadian supply chains, as well as improving the ban on importing goods produced by forced labour. In October 2024 they came back to report that, though the government announced they would implement these measures by the end of 2024, no legislation has been tabled by the government to do either of these. The committee felt it was necessary to report that allowing forced labour to be part of our supply chains in unacceptable and that they feel the government’s lack of action “deplorable”.
Financialization of Housing
HUMA has been looking into the financialization of housing and in October 2023 came back with a report recommending the following:
- That the government, as soon as possible and in cooperation with provinces and territories, create an acquisition fund to help non-profit and cooperative housing organizations, as well as governments, preserve and expand affordable housing stock.
- That the CMHC work with provinces to increase the amount of capital funding available to non-profit and public housing to help boost the supply of affordable housing
- That the CMHC increase the requirements related to the level and duration of affordability for funding from National Housing Strategy programs.
- That the government investigate the social and economic costs and benefits of treating REITs like other corporations and taxing them appropriately, including the potential impact on affordable rental housing and housing in general. The government should also design tax options to ensure it encourages creating new affordable housing units.
- That the government implement tax measures to incentivize private sector and non-profit investment in the construction of affordable rental housing. This could include tax credits and exemptions.
- That the government immediately look into providing tenant support resources to cities, provinces, and non-profit tenant supports to address eviction and affordability issues for people living in private market rental housing.
- That the government examine the current federal benefits for low-income renters to ensure they have the income supports they need.
- That the government strengthen the reporting requirements for property ownership, including creating a publicly available ownership registry.
Dissenting Opinion – Conservatives
The Conservatives disagree with HUMA’s recommendations. They believe that the private sector is the only way out of the housing crisis, and that the CMHC needs to be revamped. They feel there is too many restrictions and requirements, and that more labour needs to be brought in as well so the private sector can build houses faster and fix things.
Dissenting Opinion – NDP
The NDP came back with their own list of recommendations, a number of which are just reworded versions of what HUMA had recommended. The more noteworthy differences are:
- Put a moratorium on the purchase of low-cost rentals by rental corporations.
- Tie government funding, financing, and CMHC-backed insurance for private landlords to specific criteria that benefit renters, such as below market rent, no-displacement guarantees, and permanent affordability levels.
- Work with provinces to establish vacancy control measures.
- Disincentivize purchasing multiple investment properties by creating requirements for progressively larger down payments on additional properties.
- Commit to increasing affordable housing, starting with a target of 2 million social housing units and working towards a 20% share for non-market housing. Also re-establish the Co-op Program and National Affordable Housing Program.
- Work with other levels of government to provide funding and infrastructure to support increasing population density.
- Work with all levels of government to provide supportive housing and services for people struggling to find or maintain housing, such as people with disabilities and survivors of domestic violence.
Return to Committee – Bonita Zarrillo (NDP, British Columbia, Port Moody—Coquitlam)
Bonita proposed that the report be sent back to HUMA for further consideration, with an emphasis on the role of financialized landlords on rising rent costs including what impact algorithmic pricing tools are having and how widespread their use is. Mark Gerretsen (Liberal, Ontario, Kingston and the Islands) proposed a very small subamendment to this that just clarifies a word. Specifically that he wants to change “consider the role of financialized landlords on rising costs” to “consider the role and impacts of financialized landlords on rising costs”. (Not worth a full section to itself, but I’ll mention it for good measure.)
HUMA Report #12 – Votes
The subamendment went up for a vote and was accepted, 181 in favour and 149 against.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 151 | 0 | 1 |
| Conservative | 0 | 117 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| NDP | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Green | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Independent | 3 | 1 | 0 |
The motion to send the report back to committee for additional study then failed, with 26 voting in favour and 302 voting against.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 0 | 150 | 1 |
| Conservative | 0 | 117 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| NDP | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| Green | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Independent | 0 | 4 | 0 |
The report itself was then accepted with 184 voting in favour and 145 voting against.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 149 | 0 | 1 |
| Conservative | 0 | 118 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 31 | 0 | 1 |
| NDP | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Green | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Independent | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Reducing Gun and Gang Violence in Canada
Standing Committee on Public Safety and National Security (SECU) – Report #3
SECU has been looking into reducing gun violence and in April 2022 came back with the following recommendations:
- That the government create a National Centre of Excellence to collect Canada-specific data on firearms violence.
- That the government give additional resources to Stats Canada and law enforcement agencies to ensure consistency in collecting data on gun smuggling and gun use in criminal activities.
- That the government update the federal firearms program to require any firearms collected by police in relation to crime be submitted for tracing.
- That the government create standards for tracing guns used in crimes, and police be resourced to enhance tracing abilities.
- That the government require the RCMP provide ongoing training to officers to close gaps in the Canadian National Firearms Tracing Centre’s efforts.
- That the government increase funding for the Canadian Criminal Intelligence Service to provide intelligence sharing across all police services in Canada to improve the ability to trace firearms and combat gang-related crime.
- That the government focus on diverting youth from gang culture.
- That the government expand the National Crime Prevention Strategy to provide streamlined and stable funding for community organizations that provide social programs that help address the root cause of violence involving youth.
- That the government treat Indigenous community organizations engaged in gang diversion and community safety as policing services and provide them funding to work on mental health services, peacekeeping, and security.
- That the government host a National Gun and Gang Summit for organizations working on preventing youth from getting involved with gangs and helping youth leave gangs.
- That the government recognize that crimes involving firearms and drug trafficking should be punished with serious penalties, that violent offenders need to be kept off the streets, and that a public health response is needed to address substance abuse.
- That the government recognize how profitable the illegal drug trade is, recognize the need for better funding for providing education to reduce the stigma around substance abuse and addiction and expand access to treatment and recovery services, and increase support to help individuals suffering from addiction avoid the justice system in favour of rehabilitation.
- That the government decriminalize the possession of all illegal drugs while not impeding law enforcement’s ability to prosecute trafficking.
- That the government recognize the need to increase police resources to combat gang violence, with an emphasis on youth gang diversion efforts.
- That the government increase funding to the Akwesasne Mohawk Police Service, promote economic development in Akwesasne, and encourage police in surrounding areas to better collaborate to intercept illegal firearms.
- That the government implement the following recommendations from Public Safety Canada’s 2019 report on Akwesasne:
- Help build the Akwesasne Mohawk Police Service’s ability to contribute to the disruption of organized crime.
- Identify methods of funding to sustain their long-term participation.
- Find ways to increase efficiency between the Akwesasne Mohawk Police and Public Safety Canada.
- Ensure that as legislative framework is created for First Nations policing that Indigenous police services are consulted.
- That the government recognize that firearm smuggling is a significant contributor to gun violence and allocate more resources to fight it.
- That the government look into enhancing border surveillance of international commercial rail and ocean freight shipping.
- That the government allocate additional human and financial resources to Border Services to help them investigate and apprehend people attempting to smuggle firearms into Canada.
- That the government create a framework that distinguishes between regulatory and criminal firearm offenses so the police can focus on violent crime.
- That the government create a standardized list and set of definitions of prohibited firearms with an emphasis on simplicity and consistency.
- That the government fund research into domestic diversion of firearms and consider a reasonable limit on the number of restricted firearms someone can own if it ends up being a significant factor in domestic diversion.
- That the government implement a buyback program for certain firearms.
- That the government look into what other countries, like the UK and Australia, have done for banning firearms to determine what a Canadian solution should look like.
- That the government review the import, manufacturing, sale, and possession of all firearm magazines that can be easily modified to hold more ammo than permitted.
- That the government require a license to purchase magazines the same way as ammunition.
- That the government regulate the possession, sale, and import of firearm components.
- That the government investigate how common the manufacturing of illegal firearms or ghost guns is and develop a strategy to counter it.
- That the government update the definition of a firearm to include “blank casting of frames or receivers not yet capable of holding various firing components”.
- That the RCMP verify all information in a possession and acquisition license application.
- That licensing regulations are updated to show that a buyer’s licence number must be sent to the Registrar for confirmation before authorizing the transfer of a firearm.
- That the government amend the law to ensure anyone under a protection order related to intimate partner violence automatically has their possession and acquisition licence revoked and all firearms surrendered.
- That the government introduce legislation ASAP regarding these recommendations.
Supplementary Opinion – Conservatives
The Conservatives want to see some additional changes not mentioned in the report. First, they want to do away with the mandatory buyback program and scrap the provincial handgun ban. Second, they want to see the resources that were allocated to these programs moved to anti-gun smuggling operations at the US border and youth diversion programs. Finally they want to get rid of Bill C-5 and bring back mandatory minimum sentencing for firearm crimes. (Worth noting that once again the Supreme Court ruled minimum sentences to be a violation of Charter rights, so this likely isn’t going to happen and if it does it’s likely to be struck down as soon as a case goes to the Supreme Court.)
Supplementary Opinion – Bloc Québécois
The Bloc’s additions are mostly clarifications on a few points and changing some recommendations to encourage swifter action. For example, in addition to allocating more resources to border security they want to expand the mandate of Canada Border Services Agency to include seizing more illegal weapons. The more noteworthy point here is they want to give provinces the ability to ban handguns.
Supplementary Opinion – NDP
The NDP want to see additional measures taken around fixing substance abuse. Substances like fentanyl are extremely profitable and help drive gun violence. In addition to the recommendations in the report the NDP want to see more work in harm reduction measures and safe supply to drive down the illegal drug trade, reducing gang crime in the process.
Return to Committee – Dane Lloyd (Conservative, Alberta, Sturgeon River—Parkland)
Dane says it’s been too long since this report was released and wants to send it back to SECU for an update. During this update he wants the Minister of Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs and the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada to appear before SECU for at least two hours each before December 17, 2024. He also wants the committee to invite representatives of the Toronto Police Association, the Surrey Police Union, la Fédération des policiers et policières municipaux du Québec, the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies, and the John Howard Society of Canada to speak. The updated report should be submitted by February 28, 2025. (A quick note here, this Motion was proposed November 21, so there was a little less than a month for the Ministers to appear before the committee)
Subamendment – Pam Damoff (Liberal, Ontario, Oakville North—Burlington)
Pam wants to change the date of the required appearances before SECU to be changed to February 24, 2025 and the date the report is due to March 31, 2025.
SECU Report #3 – Votes
Pam’s date changes were rejected, with 152 voting in favour and 176 voting against.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 149 | 0 | 0 |
| Conservative | 0 | 117 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 0 | 32 | 0 |
| NDP | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Green | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Independent | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Dane’s move to send the report back to committee then failed, with 149 voting in favour and 177 against:
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 0 | 149 | 0 |
| Conservative | 117 | 0 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 32 | 0 | 0 |
| NDP | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| Green | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Independent | 0 | 1 | 0 |
The report was then accepted with 210 voting in favour and 117 against.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 149 | 0 | 0 |
| Conservative | 0 | 117 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 33 | 0 | 0 |
| NDP | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Green | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Independent | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Report 1, ArriveCAN, of the 2024 Reports of the Auditor General of Canada
Standing Committee on Public Accounts (PACP) – Report #37
Short one here, PACP reported back that it should be prohibited for any government employee to also work as an external contractor.
The report was accepted with everyone voting in favour of it.
The Role of McKinsey and Company in the Creation and the Beginnings of the Canada Infrastructure Bank
Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities (TRAN) – Report #20
TRAN has been looking into the influence of the global consulting firm McKinsey & Company on the creation of the Canada Infrastructure Bank and the risks and benefits of the government’s use of external consultants, both in general and specifically in relation to the CIB. They came back with the following recommendations:
- That the government avoid the use of pro bono services from private consulting firms when developing strategic policy initiatives and ensure any ethical and conflict of interest requirements are in place.
- That the government increase its due diligence when private consulting firms are used by government departments to ensure they aren’t unfairly benefiting from government operational knowledge to get financial benefits in future contracts.
- That the Auditor General review the procurement processes at the CIB and audit the contracts awarded to all external firms.
- That the government direct the CIB to increase financial transparency by including a detailed breakdown of costs on consultants in its quarterly and annual reports.
- That the government encourage the CIB to minimize its reliance on external consultants and build in-house expertise.
- That the government adjust the CIB’s mandate based on examples of successful infrastructure banks run by countries like the Netherlands, Germany, and Finland.
- That the government mandate representation on the CIB’s board of directors for municipal, local and Indigenous governments, relevant labour groups, and infrastructure users.
- That the government make sustainability a requirement for CIB funding and ensure climate mitigation is included in all funded projects.
Supplementary Opinion – Conservatives
Pretty simple one here, the Conservatives want to see the CIB abolished. They don’t believe there’s been any value for the money spent there and question the CIB’s ability to make sound investments.
Supplementary Opinion – Bloc Québécois
The Bloc feel there’s massive conflict of interest between McKinsey and the CIB, calling out that members of the two organizations have a habit of jumping back and forth between them. They have concerns with what that means for McKinsey’s ability to control public policy. No real recommendations here though.
Supplementary Opinion – NDP
The NDP don’t like that the CIB is a public-private partnership. They call out that P3’s have a history of being ineffective and costing way too much money, and recommend converting the CIB to an entirely public model.
Adaptation of CBC/Radio-Canada’s Audiovisual Content for the International Market
Standing Committee on Official Languages (LANG) – Report #3
Another easy one here, looks like the CBC decided to use a Paris-based audio studio to record a podcast over a Quebecois-based studio “to avoid the Quebec accent”. In December 2023 LANG wanted to let the House know that it’s extremely unhappy about this.
Return to Committee – Bernard Généreux (Conservative, Quebec, Montmagny—L’Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup)
Bernard wants to send this report back to committee for more consideration, with a focus on recommending that the government refuse any bonuses to the CBC/Radio-Canada president and chief executive officer that made this decision. He also wanted the Minister of Employment, Workforce Development, and Official Languages to appear before the committee for at least two hours before December 17. LANG would then need to return an updated report by January 27. (Note that this happened back in November, so leaves a little less than a month for the Minister to testify before the committee.)
Amendment – Peter Julian (NDP, British Columbia, New Westminster—Burnaby)
Peter wants to update Bernard’s motion to redirect any money that would go towards those bonuses to support CBC/Radio-Canada’s broadcasting services instead.
LANG Report #3 – Votes
Peter’s amendment went up for a vote and failed with 27 voting in favour and 298 voting against.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 0 | 149 | 1 |
| Conservative | 0 | 118 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| NDP | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Green | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The vote to send the report back to committee then failed with 143 in favour and 182 opposed.
| Party | For | Against | Paired |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | 0 | 149 | 1 |
| Conservative | 118 | 0 | 0 |
| Bloc Quebecois | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| NDP | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Green | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The report was then accepted with everyone voting in favour of doing so.
Closing Fun
And that’s all for the end of November! Bit of a drier one, lots of committee reports to cover there though with everything being held up there isn’t much else happening. We’re back to our normal update schedule now, though after next week Wednesday posts will be paused again as the House is prorogued.
I’m working on finishing up some new features for the site, I’m aiming to get them done before the House comes back. Keep an eye out, I’m super excited for it!
Discover more from Commons Sense
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.